Yes, Prores is much higher quality, it will survive heavy color correction adjustments much better than the other two. It also supports 10 bit color/channel. It does however depend on which flavor of Prores you use.
h264 is a delivery codec for this reason, it's hard to do a lot of adjustments without running into problems. For blue/green screen stuff it also sucks, since it saves color information at only a quarter resolution! It fine for delivery, bad for editing.
Photo JPEG just sucks (banding issues), but some agencies ask for it anyway.